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''The Living Planet Index (LPI)'' is an indicator of the state of global biological diversity, based on trends in vertebrate populations of species from around the world. The LPI provides the general public, scientists and policy-makers with information on trends in the abundance of the world’s vertebrates and offers insights into which habitats or ecosystems have species that are declining most rapidly. This information can be used to define the impact humans are having on the planet and for guiding actions to address biodiversity loss. The World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) is working in partnership with the Institute of Zoology (IoZ), the research division of the Zoological Society of London (ZSL), to further develop the project, which began in 1997. The Living Planet Index was originally developed by WWF in collaboration with UNEP-WCMC, the biodiversity assessment and policy implementation arm of the United Nations Environment Programme. UNEP-WCMC collected data for the index in the first few years of the project. Results are presented biennially in the ''WWF Living Planet Report'', on the World Wide Web, and in publications such as the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment and the UN Global Biodiversity Outlook. National and regional reports are now being produced to focus on relevant issues at a smaller scale. The latest edition of the Living Planet Report was released in September 2014 (LPR 2014- Species and spaces, people and places).〔WWF. 2014.Living Planet Report 2014: species and spaces, people and places. (R., Iyengar, L., Jeffries, B. and N. Oerlemans (Eds) ). WWF, Gland, Switzerland.〕 The previous version of the report, published in 2012, was launched from space by astronaut André Kuipers in the International Space Station, in collaboration with the European Space Agency. Between 1970 and 2010 the index fell by 52%. This global trend suggests that natural ecosystems are degrading at a rate unprecedented in human history. center == Calculation == The current ''Living Planet Database (LPD)'', maintained by ZSL, contains over 17,000 population trends for more than 3,500 species of fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals. The global LPI is calculated using over 10,000 of these population time-series which are gathered from a variety of sources such as journals, online databases and government reports. A generalized additive modelling framework is used to determine the underlying trend in each population time-series. Average rates of change are calculated and aggregated to the species level.〔Collen B., Loh J., Whitmee S., McRae L., Amin R. & Baillie J.E.M. (2009) Monitoring change in vertebrate abundance: the Living Planet Index. Conservation Biology 23: 317-327.〕〔Loh, J., Green, R.E., Ricketts, T., Lamoreux, J., Jenkins, M., Kapos, V., and Randers, J., 2005. The Living Planet Index: using species population time series to track trends in biodiversity. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B. 360: 289–295.〕 Each species trend is aggregated to produce an index for the terrestrial, marine and freshwater systems. This process uses a weighted average method which places most weight on the largest (most species-rich) groups within a biogeographic realm. This is done to counteract the uneven spatial and taxonomic distribution of data in the LPD. The three system indices are then averaged to produce the global LPI. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Living Planet Index」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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